Regiment of Artillery
The Royal Regiment of Artillery, is generally known as the Royal Artillery and is nicknamed the Gunners....
, is an Arm of the British Army
The British Army is the Army branch of the British Armed Forces. In contrast to the Royal Navy, Royal Marines and Royal Air Force, the British Army does not include "royal" in its title, because of its roots as a collection of disparate units, ...
. Despite its name, it is made up of a number of regiments.
History
Before the 18th century, artillery
Historically, artillery refers to any engine used for the discharge of projectiles during war....
'traynes' were raised by Royal Warrant for specific campaigns and disbanded again when they were over. On 26 May 1716, however, by Royal Warrant of George I
George I was Hanover from 23 January 1698, and List of British monarchs and King of Ireland from 1 August 1714, until his death....
two regular companies
A company is a military unit, typically consisting of 100-200 soldiers. Most companies are formed of three or four platoons although the exact number may vary by country, unit type and structure....
of field artillery, each 100 men strong, were raised at Woolwich
Woolwich is a suburb in south-east London, England in the London Borough of Greenwich, on the south side of the River Thames, though the tiny exclave of North Woolwich is on the north side of the river....
. On 1 April 1722 these companies were grouped with independent artillery companies at Gibraltar
Gibraltar is a British overseas territories. It is located on the south of the Iberian Peninsula, overlooking the Strait of Gibraltar which links the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea....
and Minorca
Minorca is one of the Balearic Islands , located in the Mediterranean Sea, and belonging to Spain....
to form the Royal Regiment of Artillery, commanded by Colonel Albert Bogard. The regiment
A regiment is a military unit, consisting of battalions - usually three or four - commanded by a colonel....
expanded rapidly and by 1757 had 24 companies divided into two battalion
A battalion is a military unit usually consisting of between two and six company and typically commanded by a Lieutenant Colonel....
s, as well as a Cadet Company formed in 1741. By 1771 there were 32 companies in four battalions, as well as two Invalid Companies comprising older and unfit men employed in garrison duties. In January 1793, two troop
A troop is a military unit, originally a small force of cavalry, subordinate to a squadron and headed by the troop leader....
s of Royal Horse Artillery
The Royal Horse Artillery is a corps in the British Army. Two troops of Royal Horse Artillery were raised in January 1793 to provide fire support for the cavalry, joined by two more in November 1793....
(RHA) were raised to provide fire support for the cavalry
Soldiers or warriors who fought mounted on horseback are commonly known as cavalry . The designation was not usually extended to any military force which used other animals, such as camels or mules....
, joined by two more in November 1793. All RHA personnel were mounted. The Royal Irish Artillery
The Royal Irish Artillery was formed in 1755 as The Artillery Company of Ireland. The name was changed in 1760 to The Royal Regiment of Irish Artillery....
was absorbed in 1801.
The regiment was under the control of the Board of Ordnance
The Board of Ordnance was a United Kingdom government body created in the 15th century. It was responsible for the design, testing and production of armaments and munitions for the British Army....
until the Board was abolished in 1855. Thereafter the regiment came under the War Office
The War Office was a former department of the British Government, responsible for the administration of the British Army between the 17th century and 1963, when its functions were transferred to the Ministry of Defence....
along with the rest of the army. In 1861 the regiment absorbed the artillery of the British East India Company
The British East India Company, sometimes referred to as "John Company", was a joint-stock company which was granted an English Royal Charter by Elizabeth I of England on December 31, 1600, with the intention of favouring trade privilege...
– 21 horse batteries and 48 field batteries – which brought its strength up to 29 horse batteries, 73 field batteries and 88 heavy batteries. On 1 July 1899, the Royal Artillery was divided into three groups: the Royal Horse Artillery and Royal Field Artillery
The Royal Field Artillery of the British Army came into being when the Royal Artillery was divided on 1st July 1899, it was reamalgamated back into the Royal Artillery in 1924....
comprised one group, while the coastal defence, mountain, siege and heavy batteries were split off into another group named the Royal Garrison Artillery
The Royal Garrison Artillery was the arm of the Royal Artillery that was tasked with manning the guns of the British Empire's forts and fortresses, including the Empire's coastal artillery batteries, the heavy gun batteries attached to each inf...
. The third group continued to be titled simply Royal Artillery, and was responsible for ammunition storage and supply. Which section a gunner belonged to was indicated by collar badges (R.A., R.F.A., R.H.A., or R.G.A.). The RFA and RHA also dressed as mounted men, whereas the RGA dressed like foot soldiers. The three sections effectively functioned as separate corps. This arrangement lasted until 1924, when the three amalgamated once more. In 1938, RA Brigades were renamed Regiments. There used to be hundreds of regiments within the Royal Artillery - at the end of the Second World War, the RA was larger than the Royal Navy
The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British Armed Forces . From the early 18th century to 1956, it was the largest and most powerful navy in the world, helping to establish the British Empire as the dominant power of the 1...
. The Royal Horse Artillery
The Royal Horse Artillery is a corps in the British Army. Two troops of Royal Horse Artillery were raised in January 1793 to provide fire support for the cavalry, joined by two more in November 1793....
, which has always had separate traditions, uniforms and insignia, still retains a separate identity within the regiment, however, and is considered (by its members at least) to be an élite.
Before the Second World War, Royal Artillery recruits were required to be at least 5 feet 4 inches tall. Men in mechanised units had to be at least 5 feet 8 inches tall. They initially enlisted for six years with the colours and a further six years with the reserve or four years and eight years. They trained at the Royal Artillery Depot in Woolwich.
The Royal Artillery Today
The Royal Artillery is equipped with a variety of equipment and fulfils a wide range of roles, including:
- Long range observation
- Unmanned air vehicle surveillance
- Amphibious / Airborne artillery
- Armoured Artillery
- Long Range Missile Systems
- Air defence.
The Captain General of the regiment is Queen Elizabeth II
}|-||}Elizabeth II is the Queen regnant of 16 independent sovereignty states known as the Commonwealth Realms....
. The post was previously known as Colonel-in-Chief until King George VI
George VI became the British monarch and Emperor of India, upon the unexpected abdication of his brother, Edward VIII of the United Kingdom....
expressed the desire to be known as Captain General. The head of the regiment is the Master Gunner, St. James's Park
The Master Gunner, St. James's Park is the ceremonial head of the Royal Regiment of Artillery and channel of communication between the Regiment and the Captain General....
.
The Royal Regiment of Artillery comprises both regular (full-time) and Territorial (part-time) units. The current regiments of the Royal Artillery are:
Regular Army
The Royal Regiment of Artillery
The Royal Regiment of Artillery, is generally known as the Royal Artillery and is nicknamed the Gunners....
comprises the Royal Artillery and the Royal Horse Artillery
The Royal Horse Artillery is a corps in the British Army. Two troops of Royal Horse Artillery were raised in January 1793 to provide fire support for the cavalry, joined by two more in November 1793....
. The Regular Army units are:
Regular Regiments of the Royal Horse Artillery